Anti-Adenosine A2A ReceptorAntibody(#AAR-002)isahighlyspecificantibodydirectedagainstanepitopeofmouseprotein.Theantibodycanbeusedinwesternblot,immunohistochemistry,andimmunocytochemistryapplications.IthasbeendesignedtorecognizeA2aRfromhuman,rat,andmousesamples.
产品编号：AAR-002-50µl
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商品介绍
LyophilizedPowderLyophilizedPowder
Thisproductisfreezedried.Allwatermoleculeshavebeenremoved.
AntigenIncl.AntigenIncl.
ThisantibodyisshippedwithitsantigenFREEofcharge!
ShippedatRoomTemp.ShippedatRoomTemp.
Thislyophilizedproductisshippedatroomtemperature.Pleaseseeitscertificateofanalysisforfurtherstorageinstructions.
Type:Polyclonal
Source:Rabbit
Reactivity:h,m,r
Immunogen
Peptide(C)RQLKQMESQPLPGER,correspondingtoaminoacidresidues201-215ofmouseadenosineA2A receptor(AccessionQ60613).3rdintracellularloop.
Accession(Uniprot)NumberQ60613
GeneID11540
PeptideconfirmationConfirmedbyaminoacidanalysisandmassspectrometry.
HomologyRat,human,andcanis–identical.
PurityAffinitypurifiedonimmobilizedantigen.
FormulationLyophilizedpowder.Reconstitutedantibodycontainsphosphatebufferedsaline(PBS),pH7.4,1%BSA,0.05%NaN3.
StoragebeforereconstitutionTheantibodyshipsasalyophilizedpowderatroomtemperature.Uponarrival,itshouldbestoredat-20°C.
Reconstitution25µl,50µlor0.2mldoubledistilledwater(DDW),dependingonthesamplesize.
Antibodyconcentrationafterreconstitution0.75mg/ml.
StorageafterreconstitutionThereconstitutedsolutioncanbestoredat4°Cforupto1week.Forlongerperiods,smallaliquotsshouldbestoredat-20°C.Avoidmultiplefreezingandthawing.Centrifugeallantibodypreparationsbeforeuse(10000xg5min).
ControlantigenstoragebeforereconstitutionLyophilizedpowdercanbestoredintactatroomtemperaturefor2weeks.Forlongerperiods,itshouldbestoredat-20°C.
Controlantigenreconstitution100µldoubledistilledwater(DDW).
Controlantigenstorageafterreconstitution-20°C.
PreadsorptionControl1µgpeptideper1µgantibody.
StandardqualitycontrolofeachlotWesternblotanalysis.
Applications:ic,ih,wb
Mayalsoworkin:ifc,ip
Westernblot
Westernblotanalysisofrataorticendothelialcells(lanes1,3),ratbrain(lanes2,4)andJurkat(lanes5,6)lysates:
1,2,5.Anti-Adenosine A2A Receptor Antibody(#AAR-002),(1:200).
3,4,6.Anti-AdenosineA2A ReceptorAntibody,preincubatedwiththecontrolpeptideantigen.
3,4,6.Anti-AdenosineA2A ReceptorAntibody,preincubatedwiththecontrolpeptideantigen.
Immunohistochemistry
ExpressionofAdenosine A2A Receptor in mousediagonalband
ImmunohistochemicalstainingofmousediagonalbandusingAnti-Adenosine A2A ReceptorAntibody(#AAR-002).A2aR (green)appearsinthebroca ofindividualneurons(arrows)andinneuropil(asterisk). DAPIisusedasthecounterstain.
ExpressionofAdenosine A2A Receptor inratlung
ImmunohistochemicalstainingofparaffinemeddedratlungsectionsusingAnti-Adenosine A2A Receptor Antibody(#AAR-002),(1:50).A2aRisexpressedintherespiratoryepitheliumofthebronchioli(Br).Notethatsmoothmuscleandendotheliuminbloodvesselsarenegative.Hematoxilinisusedasthecounterstain.
Immunocytochemistry
Ratneurospheres(Benito-Munoz,M. etal. (2016) Glia 64, 1465.).
References
- Okusa,M.D.(2002)Am.J.Physiol.282,F10.
- Fredholm,B.B.etal.(2001)Pharmacol.Rev.53,527.
- Nakata,H.(1989)J.Biol.Chem.264,16545.
- Cunha,R.A.(2001)NeuRochem.Int.38,107.
- Fredholm,B.B.etal.(2000)Naunyn-SchmiedebergsArch.Pharmacol.362,364.
- Canals,M.etal.(2005)J.Neurochem.92,337.
- Ohta,A.andSitkovsky,M.(2001)Nature414,916.
- Ohta,A.etal.(2006)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.103,13132.
Scientificbackground
Adenosineisanendogenousnucleosidegeneratedlocallyintissuesunderconditionsofhypoxia,ischemia,orinflammation.Itmodulatesavarietyofphysiologicalfunctionsinmanytissuesincludingthebrainandheart.1,2 Adenosineexertsitsactionsviafourspecificadenosinereceptors(alsonamedP1purinergicreceptors):AdenosineA1 Receptor(A1AR),AdenosineA2A Receptor(A2AAR),AdenosineA2B Receptor(A2BAR),andAdenosineA3 Receptor(A3AR).Allareintegralmembraneproteinsandaremembersofthe Gprotein-coupled receptorsuperfamily.Theyshareacommonstructureofsevenputativetransmembranedomains,anextracellular-NH2 terminus,cytoplasmic-COOHterminus,andathirdintracellularloopimportantforbindingGproteins.1-3 Theadenosinereceptorscanbedistinguishedonthebasisoftheirdifferentialselectivityforadenosineanalogs.1-3
Adenosinereceptorscontrolneurotransmitterreleasethroughthe facilitatory A2AARandtheinhibitoryA1AR.4 A2AARandA1ARarethemajoradenosinereceptorsubtypesexpressedinthecentralnervoussystem(CNS).A2AARismainlyexpressedinthestriatumonGABAergicstriatopallidalneurons,whileA1ARiswidelydistributedthroughouttheCNS.5,6
A2AARwassuggestedtoplayacriticalroleinattenuationofsystemicinflammatoryresponsesandpreventionofextensivetissuedamage.7 ItwassuggestedthatextracellularadenosinethataccumulatesininflamedanddamagedtissuemayactivatetheA2AARexpressedinimmunecellsleADIngtotermination/inhibitionoftheimmuneresponse.7 ItwasfurthersuggestedthatthissamemechanismmayprotecttumorsfromantitumorTcellsthroughanimmunosuppressivesignalgeneratedbytheactivationofA2AARonTcellsbyextracellularadenosineproducedfromhypoxiccanceroustissues.8
LyophilizedPowderControlAntigenIncluded
Clickheretoreceivea25µlfreetrialsample!
Lastupdate:17/02/2019
Forresearchpurposesonly,notforhumanuse
Westernblot
Westernblotanalysisofrataorticendothelialcells(lanes1,3),ratbrain(lanes2,4)andJurkat(lanes5,6)lysates:
1,2,5.Anti-Adenosine A2A Receptor Antibody(#AAR-002),(1:200).
3,4,6.Anti-AdenosineA2A ReceptorAntibody,preincubatedwiththecontrolpeptideantigen.
3,4,6.Anti-AdenosineA2A ReceptorAntibody,preincubatedwiththecontrolpeptideantigen.
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